The right wing vigilante groups have the potential to be an even greater risk to the sovereign government of Colombia than do the left-wing organizations. what I can see they do have the area on lockdown. Mexican Less than two years later, President Madero was removed from office and executed, and the nation plunged into a dark decade of violence. It is this writer's perspective that the contemporary Mexican socio-economic political fabric suffers not just from an infiltration, but from a saturation of organized crime interests. INSTITUTIONALIZED CORRUPTION A report published by the United States General Accounting Office stated that one of the major problems in the drug wars is the endemic, institutionalized corruption within the Mexican law enforcement and military community (U.S. General Accounting Office, 1996). "HEARST" and "Redlogarythm" for Borderland Beat This week, a pamphlet showing the rules of conduct given to hitmen in "Sol Prendido" for Borderland Beat The United Nations warns in a new report that insecurity in the capital has reached levels com "Sol Prendido for Borderland Beat The war begins in Tamaulipas. Christian Science Monitor, "Holes open in US drug-fighting net," 7/28/99, internet. At least seven United States Customs agents, including a former district director and a supervisor found themselves under investigation as a result of a February 1996 probe. In just over four years the meth business has been transformed from a series of small operations run by motorcycle gangs to a gigantic international market. arrested in Culiacan, Sinaloa, Jaime Herrera Herrera, alias 'JH' or 'El In a chilling video, aired for the first time on American national television by PBS on October 10, 2000, a squad of elite Mexican national police officers who came upon a shipment of marijuana, are gunned down by a squad of Mexican army personnel. Mexican officials, in reaction to Clinton's threat of de-certification in 1997, lashed back, accusing the world's biggest drug consumer of hypocrisy. The Mexicans began by-passing the Colombians and going directly to Bolivian and Peruvian suppliers during the summer of 1997. When asked by Mexican officials to put a stop to this illegal arms trade, American officials have indicated that the demand for the weapons is on the Mexican end, so they, the Mexicans, should stop it - an interesting bit of international diplomatic hypocrisy that the United States can engage in, because at present it has the biggest stick. Some died due to more natural cases (drowning, dehydration, cold weather), but others died due to violence. According to the background the 'JH' was arrested Will President Fox be successful in his call for the development of a coordinated regional/multinational war-effort against drug trafficking? Sad state of situation in Mexico, Seems like the new security strategy starting to show results!! So they owed him allegiance.. The church was the near omnipotent sovereign at the dawn of the present millennium, and ruled and reigned with virtually unchallenged power for several hundred years. (9) The next exercise was to select a single presidential nominee. He was forced into hiding and the Cali Cartel split up into small, separate businesses. CENTAC El G1 is infamous for allegedly "owning" the Senator of Durango, Jos Ramn Enrquez Herrera, whose political campaign he helped finance. whose family members began the org in the 50s. Fucking idiot who linked this deadbeat to the H's. Online map of Los Herrera in Durango, with an interactive cartography with which you can see closely the town, centered on. with about 202 kg of methamphetamine were secured. A new economic crisis lies in Mexico's very immediate future, however. One estimate places over 1,000 Herrera family cocaine and heroin dealers in the United States (AFP, 12/6/97). McMahon, Colin, "U.S. pressure in drug war angers Mexico," Chicago Tribune, 2/5/96, p. 1. Hammer, Joshua and Michael Isikoff, "The narco-guerrilla war," Newsweek, August 9, 1999, p. 42. High level officers are just as vulnerable to the corruption it seems. In March of 1998, 68 police and military officials were arrested due to their drug connections (AFP, 3/6/98). McCaffrey, Barry, "Statement by ONDCP director regarding U.S. efforts to combat drugs along the southwest border," 12/15/97, internet. Mexico has long resisted this certification process, calling it nothing but a public relations scam (Reuters, 2/4/98). The guy on crutches is Felipe Naranjo Seville. By 1997, it appeared that Colombia's drug cartels were going to die out. This murder greatly unsettled the Mexican people. William Rodriguez, son of Miguel, was chosen to run the Cartel. That amount could yield 136 tons of meth, and would be enough to supply 12.4 million users with three, 10 milligram doses a day for a year. The Herreras were considered the largest heroin trafficking In 1998 this number skyrocketed to 145, and to 325 in 1999. There it was either sold locally or distributed to other U.S. Cooperative law enforcement efforts surface as another option to consider. Frontline, "Colombian Drug War," 4/20/00. (6) The plan was never able to be fully realized, for on July 4, 1997, Carrillo Fuentes died while undergoing plastic surgery. The Postal Code of Los Herrera consists of the following 5 digits: 34600. This gentler approach suggests the need to reduce the emphasis on profits, to retreat from the market culture ideology, to redistribute income, to provide more economic opportunities for the poor, and to adjust macro social values, ie. With more than $6 billion a year of much needed U.S. currency pouring into the Mexican economy from legals and illegals working north of the border, half of which likely comes from illegals (the so-called 'wet-back dollars'), American law enforcement can expect little serious help from the Mexican government in this arena (AFP, 10/30/00). The Juarez Cartel, run by the then extremely powerful Carrillo Fuentes, became even stronger after Gulf Cartel leader, Garcia-Abrego, was arrested in January of 1996. They supply America with so-called "Mexican mud" (brown heroin), and have done so since at least the mid-1940s. With the satellite map of Los Herrera will I be able to look for my location? (7) A number of the Colombian drug gangs have now abandoned the American market, and have turned their attention to what is fast becoming a literal drug supermarket - Europe and Central Asia. In the summer of 1999, a U.S. spy plane crashed in Colombia, bringing some measure of publicity to this unfolding drama (see generally, Hammer and Isikoff, 1999). Mexico's banks have historically been basically un-monitored and very poorly regulated. But until 2009, the stolen car market will remain a very lucrative venue for the cartels. At present, there is no anti-cartel sentiment among the Mexican populous, and that fact has a great deal to do with the longevity and vibrancy of these organized crime entities. Any serious effort to root out the cartels likely needs to await the emergence of a greatly improved Mexican economy; they are just too deeply entrenched within the fabric of the Mexican socio-economic culture. Amado Carrillo Fuentes - Wikipedia While a charade may be undertaken to placate the Americans, there is no rational reason for the Mexican government to mount any kind of substantive effort that would inhibit the flow of these much needed dollars. Consider the following statement made in 1997 by Thomas Constantine, then Director of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA): "These sophisticated drug syndicate groups from Mexico have eclipsed organized crime groups from Colombia as the premier law enforcement threat facing the United States." The list of its authors can be seen in its historicaland/or the page Edithistory:Durango Cartel. In addition to the macro-economic implications, there were numerous political killings, and street crimes skyrocketed during the "coca-buck" pullout period. AFP, "Mexican president calls for a 'national crusade' against corruption," 12/4/97, internet. Sinaloa cartel. Instead of paying with cash, the Colombians would forfeit half of their cocaine shipments to Garcia-Abrego who then took the risk of selling, but also took the profits (Lupsha, 1995:90). Zacatecas state is a leading source of migrants to the United States with seven percent of its 1.3 million people north of the border at any one time and $240 million a year in remittances coming home. President Reagan undertook the first Certification efforts in 1986. With only one party to please, and without opposition party whistle-blowers to contend with, the drug cartels have been able to quietly pay-off government officials at all levels with little fear of public reprisal. AFP, "U.S. condemns release of Mexican 'Robin Hood' killers," 1/6/98, internet. its "Heroin Highway," a drug trafficking network that stretched from The six primary Mexican syndicates with international capabilities currently operating are as follows(2): 1. At Their first attempt managed to grab 11 of his hitmen, killing another, however El Arqui and his bodyguards escaped the area during the chaos of battle. Representatives of the coalition continue to emphasize that their goal in forming the united front was not only the defeat of the PRI party, but also "to achieve a peaceful transition to democracy, (and) to achieve the just political system that the majority of the citizens want," (AFP, 8/4/99). There is a threat of explosion, the chemicals are quite corrosive by nature, improper exposure could prove fatal, and there is a distinctive tell-tale odor that could be detected by legal authorities. Since 1990, the number of United States attorneys in the region has gone up 80 percent; the budget for the United States Customs Service has increased by 72 percent since 1993 (McCaffrey, 1997). Taken together, these (and other pro-American positions such as the increased privatization of state-owned industry) will continue to increase his political capital in America, and will certainly result in a number of his initiatives obtaining increased American support (see AFP, 8/19/00; AFP, 9/22/00; AFP, 9/25/00; Cox, 2000; Smith, 2000). There are few legitimate internal checks and balances to Mexican presidential power at present. Benjamin, Jody A., "Human-smuggling ring interrupted," Lincoln Journal/Star, 10/18/00, p.3. Many have suggested, on the basis of vast circumstantial evidence though there is still no hard evidence, that this flow of "cannabis cash" reaches up to the office of the Mexican president. Gene Hanrahan), North Carolina: Documentary Publishers, 1985. In response, Mexico as well as representatives from 26 other North and South American countries signed the Manaus Declaration in October of 2000, pledging their mutual cooperation in an attempt to more effectively combat "drug trafficking and transnational criminal activities" (AFP, 10/19/00). The most complete information about the large village of Los Herrera (photos, maps, statistics, population) on a single page. The military has used these unique abilities to their advantage, and have largely stayed out of the cocaine and heroin business, though they do provide security for clandestine airstrips operated by cocaine and heroin traffickers. As the phenomenal economic run in America continues(and there appears no end in sight), the economic migration from south to north will likewise continue. It is of interest to note that all of the decisions rendered in all of these cases were made after certification decisions for the year were already in place. The formation of a common counter-drug strategy between Mexico and the United States was a necessary and long awaited event. As much as $30 billion a year is now being laundered in Mexico (Reuters, 2/16/98). A recent episode involving two low-ranking American military personnel attempting to smuggle a group of Mexicans across the border near Tijuana may only be considered a singular episode (AFP, 10/13/00), but people smuggling has the potential to overtake the drug trade in terms of gross revenue and profitability in the 21st century. While many of his proposals have fallen on deaf American ears, his stated human rights agenda in the southern Mexican state of Chiapas and the creation of the Truth Commission is clearly in line with American political philosophy. In March of 1998, Adrian Carrera, the former head of the Federal Judicial Police, was arrested when it was revealed that he had ties with several of the Mexican drug lords. For a while, the Herrera's were running Colombian cocaine into the United States for the Medellin and then the Cali Cartels. The Hank Corporation, known as "Guapo Hank", has purchased or maintained control over several American banks, investment firms, transportation companies and real estate properties, and is involved in the gambling industry. According to Eduardo Among other voices, United States Senators Paul Coverdell and Dianne Feinstein want to see Mexico more aggressively cracking down on drug barons and assisting in extraditing them to America. As a result of his death, the Juarez empire and its immense cocaine market was up for grabs, and a war broke out to seize control. The World Court needs to enhance its political capital, substance, and strength. To be successful, he will need to take control of the economy away from the traditional Mexican power brokers, and that will not be easy. Juarez controlled durango until chapo. 4. This came as a welcome breath of fresh air to the Mexican government. The Mexican Military - While not recognized for many years in the academic community, the Mexican military has been heavily involved in the marijuana trade for decades. AFP, "More than 350 Mexicans died trying to enter US illegally in 2000." He was arrested in 1997 while driving with $2 million in cash in his car. He knew the identity and even selected Mexican policemen who were to be trained at Fort Bragg, North Carolina for special Mexican anti-drug forces. He was making an estimated $200 million a week and was smuggling four times as much cocaine into the United States as all the other Mexican cartels combined. Arax, Mark and Tom Gorman, "The state's illicit farm belt export," Los Angeles Times, 5/13/95, pp. THE RISE OF THE MEXICAN DRUG CARTELS The Mexican cartels originated in response to a demand for smuggling both people and contraband into the United States in the 1920s and 1930s. The United States and Mexico have entered into a number of so-called side agreements with respect to NAFTA. The plane was being serviced and fueled by Mexican military personnel. Associated Press, "McCaffrey wants Mexico certification," 2/26/99, internet. As Abadinsky (2000:257) has pointed out, "the Herrera's did not buy off the power structure in Durango - they are the power structure." opium poppy plants, processed and packaged heroin in Mexico, and transported it AFP, "Zedillo admits to taking money from banker accused of fraud," 5/30/99, internet. As the Panama Canal changes ownership in the coming months, American military presence and the accompanying airborne surveillance efforts in Central America will become diminished. The cartels bring billions of American dollars into Mexico. In the end, his government friends who were on the payroll eventually left office and he did not court others quickly enough. Among his criminal There are currently more than 200 U.S. military personnel and 100 federal law enforcement agents stationed in Colombia. They are all snitches when it comes down to it .. Word is G1 was a pastor for a christian church by soriana in Dgo and he would force his men to go to church. No doubt that CDS and CJNG are the most powerful syndicates in the world. Established in about 1945, the cartel is now an international organized crime syndicate, operating throughout North and South America. Leadership of this cartel is currently being contested, but Adado' brother Vicente seems now to have gained control. That time arrived in they year 2000 when then president Ernesto Zedillo stated that he would not participate in the process of designating his own successor; effectively amputating the finger (AFP, 2/27/99). In September and October of 2000, U.S. immigration officials, in cooperation with officials from at least five other countries, arrested 38 alleged smugglers and more than 3,500 illegal immigrants in Operation Forerunner. Peniche was quoted as saying, "Donations of this kind were normal in MexicoIt was part of the system between businessman and politicians. Zarembo, Alan, "People Smugglers Inc.," Newsweek, September 13, 1999, p. 36. It has a history of turning on former cartel partners as quickly as the wind might change direction. The climate is an arid dry steppe, with very high temperatures in the summer and very little rainfall. Vicente Corta, the Executive Secretary of IPAB (the newly created equivalent of the American FDIC), now estimates that the bailout will cost the Mexican government $93.4 billion - nearly 20 percent of the nations' annual gross domestic product. and distributors of synthetic drugs, according to authorities. Though blessed with abundant natural resources, a bountiful agricultural production capability and more billionaires than any nation in the world outside the United States, nearly half of the citizens live in poverty, with fully one-fourth living in extreme poverty. Prominent Mexican news mogul Armando Sepulveda, has said that the media now enjoys "freedom of expression, but the press still does not know how to use it"(Associated Press, 10/31/00). As Amin (1997) would argue, Mexico, as well as any other nation, should be allowed to "negotiate the terms of its interdependence" with the rest of the world. Good job AMLO. The command of the Many wonder, however, whether the process of dedazo truly ended. UPI, "Zedillo: Mexican economy won't worsen," 2/5/99, internet. Some meth labs are capable of producing $2 million worth of meth per week. THE UNANSWERED QUESTIONS Many questions remain unanswered regarding the future of the Mexican cartels, and their role in the Meso-American organized crime scene. Are you going to send a letter to Los Herrera? 6. International extradition treaties need to be developed among countries that lack such agreements. These groups have accumulated more than $5.3 billion in the past eight years, primarily through the drug trade ($2.3 billion), but also via kidnaping ($1.8 billion) and extortion ($1.2 billion) (Criminal Organizations, May 1999). AFP, "Mexico wary of money-laundering bill," 9/27/99, internet. He had undergone plastic surgery in the past, and was attempting to further alter his appearance to conceal his identity from American government authorities. Gente Nueva (English: New People), also known as Los Chapitos, in reference to their drug lord Joaqun Guzmn Loera, is a large group of well-trained and experienced gunmen that function as one of the elite armed wings of the Sinaloa Cartel, created to counter, battle and destroy the Jurez Cartel's influence in the Mexican north-west, as well as to battle and destroy La Lnea which is . Seeing an opportunity to carve out a literal monopoly, the Mexican military got into the marijuana transport business as the American demand for marijuana increased in the 1970s. There was a downside to the effort however. In the face of this pending crisis, Mexico will soon receive a $23.7 billion financial aid package from the IMF, the World Bank, the U.S. Eximbank, the Inter-American Development Bank, the U.S. Federal Reserve and the Central Bank of Canada. In May 1999, he did venture a brief 3-day return visit to Mexico for the first time since fleeing the country. COLEADERA LOS HERRERAS, Santiago Papasquiaro, Durango. - YouTube By 1980, the family had 9. This purge brought the total number of officers dismissed from the Federal Judicial Police force between December of 1994 (when Lozano took office) and August of 1996 to 1,250, constituting 22 percent of the force. This event was filmed by a television camera crew and elicited a significant outcry from the Mexican community (LaFranchi, 2000). Wall Street Journal, "Raul Salinas cooperated with drug traffickers," 3/13/98, p. 1. Many have suggested that the certification of Mexico and other Meso-American countries in 1999 was simply done to protect U.S. business interests in those areas from likely public and private retaliation. Will the Mexican cartels be able to bring the vitality and adaptive capabilities into the 21st century that have allowed them to be so successful in the 20th? The Chair of the Central Executive Committee is appointed by the President of Mexico. performed the chemical processes for the production of methamphetamine, whose 1999. Perhaps the best known Mexican newspaper, Excelsior, long sold itself to the government in exchange for price supports, massive tax breaks, and outright payments from governments leaders.
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