Dinosaurs never existed? - Red Ice [172], Based on fossil evidence from dinosaurs such as Oryctodromeus, some ornithischian species seem to have led a partially fossorial (burrowing) lifestyle. It preserves portions of the intestines, colon, liver, muscles, and windpipe. Did Humans Live With Dinosaurs? - AZ Animals Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. [73] Fossils of keratin-based skin coverings or bony skin coverings are known from most major groups of dinosaurs. [152] Therizinosaurus and Deinocheirus were among the tallest of the theropods. Andrea Cau (2018). Dinosaurs are a hoax - Dinosaurs never existed : r/conspiracy - Reddit [62] Several seminal studies led to this activity. [276], At the time of the K-Pg extinction, the Deccan Traps flood basalts of India were actively erupting. [164] The interpretation of dinosaurs as gregarious has also extended to depicting carnivorous theropods as pack hunters working together to bring down large prey. In traditional taxonomy, birds were considered a separate class that had evolved from dinosaurs, a distinct superorder. Despite their unrefined methods, the contributions of Cope and Marsh to paleontology were vast: Marsh unearthed 86 new species of dinosaur and Cope discovered 56, a total of 142 new species. Eric I love your vids man I really enjoy your work. [28] Modern birds inhabit most available habitats, from terrestrial to marine, and there is evidence that some non-avian dinosaurs (such as Microraptor) could fly or at least glide, and others, such as spinosaurids, had semiaquatic habits. [222] Such respiratory systems, which may have appeared in the earliest saurischians,[223] would have provided them with more oxygen compared to a mammal of similar size, while also having a larger resting tidal volume and requiring a lower breathing frequency, which would have allowed them to sustain higher activity levels. [315][316], Whether the Deccan Traps were a major cause of the extinction, on par with the Chicxulub impact, remains uncertain. [297][298] However, it would also have had longer-term consequences for the environment. Afromimus. Advertisement 2. [13] Birds are classified as belonging to the subgroup Maniraptora, which are coelurosaurs, which are theropods, which are saurischians, which are dinosaurs. [225][226] Sauropods may also have benefitted from their sizetheir small surface area to volume ratio meant that they would have been able to thermoregulate more easily, a phenomenon termed gigantothermy. [261][262] In 2008, scientists described Aerosteon riocoloradensis, the skeleton of which supplies the strongest evidence to date of a dinosaur with a bird-like breathing system. These occur in both reptiles and birds and involve inflating the esophagus or tracheal pouches. The earliest part of this time saw the spread of ankylosaurians, iguanodontians, and brachiosaurids through Europe, North America, and northern Africa. [76], Starting from the 1990s, major discoveries of exceptionally preserved fossils in deposits known as conservation Lagersttten contributed to research on dinosaur soft tissues. The creature was named Hadrosaurus foulkii. [245] Direct fossil evidence of feathers or feather-like structures has been discovered in a diverse array of species in many non-avian dinosaur groups,[70] both among saurischians and ornithischians. "And. [154], The smallest dinosaur known is the bee hummingbird,[155] with a length of only 5 centimeters (2.0in) and mass of around 1.8g (0.063oz). [60][61] At the end of the 1960s, however, the field of dinosaur research experienced a surge in activity that remains ongoing. [153] The largest individuals may have weighed as much as 16 metric tons (18 short tons). [174] While some early bird-like species may have already been arboreal as well (including dromaeosaurids) such as Microraptor[175]) most non-avialan dinosaurs seem to have relied on land-based locomotion. Tschopp and his colleagues Octvio . This assemblage is interpreted as a social group that was trapped in mud. This would have helped them to conserve water. In 1896, Marsh calculated ratios between brain weight and body weight of seven species of dinosaurs, showing that the brain of dinosaurs was proportionally smaller than in today's crocodiles, and that the brain of Stegosaurus was smaller than in any living land vertebrate. Dinosaur - Wikipedia However, the mobile cricoid-arytenoid joint and long arytenoid cartilages would have allowed for air-flow control similar to that of birds, and thus could have made bird-like vocalizations. Dinosaurs Never Existed. [178] Other researchers have countered that vocalizations also exist in turtles, the closest relatives of archosaurs, suggesting that the trait is ancestral to their lineage. [122], The CretaceousPaleogene extinction event, which occurred approximately 66million years ago at the end of the Cretaceous, caused the extinction of all dinosaur groups except for the neornithine birds. The only "evidence" is a tall tale dating back to 1909. The following is a simplified classification of dinosaur groups based on their evolutionary relationships, and those of the main dinosaur groups Theropoda, Sauropodomorpha and Ornithischia, compiled by Justin Tweet. [270] Alongside dinosaurs, many other groups of animals became extinct: pterosaurs, marine reptiles such as mosasaurs and plesiosaurs, several groups of mammals, ammonites (nautilus-like mollusks), rudists (reef-building bivalves), and various groups of marine plankton. [193] Trackways have also confirmed parental behavior among ornithopods from the Isle of Skye in northwestern Scotland. "The assembly of the avian body plan: a 160-million-year long process" (PDF). [29], While recent discoveries have made it more difficult to present a universally agreed-upon list of their distinguishing features, nearly all dinosaurs discovered so far share certain modifications to the ancestral archosaurian skeleton, or are clearly descendants of older dinosaurs showing these modifications. [32] Of particular note have been the fossils of the Jehol Biota, where a variety of theropods and early birds have been found, often with feathers of some type. How would life be if dinosaurs were still here? - Reddit [20] They have always been recognized as an extremely varied group of animals; over 900 non-avian dinosaur genera have been identified with certainty as of 2018, and the total number of genera preserved in the fossil record has been estimated at around 1850, nearly 75% of which remain to be discovered, and 1124 species by 2016. At the same time, several groups of dinosaurian herbivores evolved more sophisticated ways to orally process food. [285][286], The bolide impact hypothesis, first brought to wide attention in 1980 by Walter Alvarez, Luis Alvarez, and colleagues, attributes the K-Pg extinction event to a bolide (extraterrestrial projectile) impact. Apatosaurus - Wikipedia The heaviest and longest dinosaur may have been Maraapunisaurus, known only from a now lost partial vertebral neural arch described in 1878. (4) History Further research has found medullary bone in the carnosaur Allosaurus and the ornithopod Tenontosaurus. [39], Dinosaur fossils have been known for millennia, although their true nature was not recognized. [79][80] In living reptiles and mammals, pigment-storing cellular structures known as melanosomes are partially responsible for producing colouration. Early sauropodomorphs did not have sophisticated mechanisms for processing food in the mouth, and so must have employed other means of breaking down food farther along the digestive tract. This was one of the seminal results that led to the dinosaur renaissance. It was an extremely important find: Hadrosaurus was one of the first nearly complete dinosaur skeletons found (the first was in 1834, in Maidstone, England), and it was clearly a bipedal creature. [15][16], Using one of the above definitions, dinosaurs can be generally described as archosaurs with hind limbs held erect beneath the body. It included a Velociraptor attacking a Protoceratops,[169] providing evidence that dinosaurs did indeed attack each other. In the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic, the continents were connected as the single landmass Pangaea, and there was a worldwide dinosaur fauna mostly composed of coelophysoid carnivores and early sauropodomorph herbivores. [14] A minority of scientists, most notably Alan Feduccia and Larry Martin, have proposed other evolutionary paths, including revised versions of Heilmann's basal archosaur proposal,[243] or that maniraptoran theropods are the ancestors of birds but themselves are not dinosaurs, only convergent with dinosaurs. [60] Concurrently, Robert T. Bakker published a series of studies that likewise argued for active lifestyles in dinosaurs based on anatomical and ecological evidence (see Physiology),[63][64] which were subsequently summarized in his 1986 book The Dinosaur Heresies. Agathaumas - possible synonym of Triceratops. [139] This contrasts sharply with the average size of Cenozoic mammals, estimated by the National Museum of Natural History as about 2 to 5kg (4.4 to 11.0lb). [324][325][326] The age estimates have also been considered unreliable. This is because only a tiny percentage of animals were ever fossilized and most of these remain buried in the earth. Did all the dinosaurs live together, and at the same time? Rhynchosaurs and dicynodonts survived (at least in some areas) at least as late as earlymid Norian and late Norian or earliest Rhaetian stages, respectively,[118][119] and the exact date of their extinction is uncertain. [41] In Europe, dinosaur fossils were generally believed to be the remains of giants and other biblical creatures. Interesting exploration of the idea that Dinosaurs are a fabrication and never really existed. Modern paleontologists would find such methods crude and unacceptable, since blasting easily destroys fossil and stratigraphic evidence. [187] Some species of modern bird have no nests; the cliff-nesting common guillemot lays its eggs on bare rock, and male emperor penguins keep eggs between their body and feet. Across theropods, sauropodomorphs, and ornithischians, the number of named genera began to increase exponentially in the 1990s. [74] Among ornithischians, in 1884 Jacob Wortman found skin impressions on the first known specimen of Edmontosaurus annectens, which were largely destroyed during the specimen's excavation. Dinosaurs are big and impressive megafauna. This medullary bone, which is rich in calcium, is used to make eggshells. Elaborate display structures such as horns or crests are common to all dinosaur groups, and some extinct groups developed skeletal modifications such as bony armor and spines. Dinosaurs That May Never Have Actually Existed - Grunge Brontosaurus - Wikipedia Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles [note 1] of the clade Dinosauria. [275][276], Just before the K-Pg extinction event, the number of non-avian dinosaur species that existed globally has been estimated at between 628 and 1078. [311] In response, Luis Alvarez rejected volcanic activity as an explanation for the iridium layer and the extinction as a whole. thanks for watchinghttp://gvenews.com/the-dinosaurs-never-existed-bones-and-fossils-manmade/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeoraptor [70][14] Birds share over a hundred distinct anatomical features with theropod dinosaurs, which are now generally accepted to have been their closest ancient relatives. Few of the specimens that are recovered are complete skeletons, and impressions of skin and other soft tissues are rare. [290] Now, the bulk of the evidence suggests that a bolide .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}5 to 15 kilometers (3 to 9+12 miles) wide impacted the Yucatn Peninsula 66 million years ago, forming this crater[291] and creating a "kill mechanism" that triggered the extinction event. [260], Large meat-eating dinosaurs had a complex system of air sacs similar to those found in modern birds, according to a 2005 investigation led by Patrick M. O'Connor. [222][263], Fossils of the troodonts Mei and Sinornithoides demonstrate that some dinosaurs slept with their heads tucked under their arms. Jack Horner's 1978 discovery of a Maiasaura ("good mother lizard") nesting ground in Montana demonstrated that parental care continued long after birth among ornithopods. Paleontologist Othniel Marsh "first found the back end of one of the long-necked sauropods and he named it Apatosaurus," Dr. Horner tells us. [115] The referral of the Manda Formation to the Anisian is also uncertain. [244], Feathers are one of the most recognizable characteristics of modern birds, and a trait that was also shared by several non-avian dinosaurs. Bollettino della Societ Paleontologica Italiana. [7][8][9] Since then, mounted fossil dinosaur skeletons have been major attractions at museums worldwide, and dinosaurs have become an enduring part of popular culture. Humans and dinosaurs did not live at the same time; and a small . [135][136] Two topics of particular interest and study have been dinosaur size and behavior. [294], Non-avian dinosaur remains have occasionally been found above the K-Pg boundary. [271][272][278] However, these comparisons did not account either for varying preservation potential between rock units or for different extents of exploration and excavation. Dinosaurs Never Existed The SECRET Exposed - YouTube Aerosteon. [328], Public enthusiasm for dinosaurs first developed in Victorian England, where in 1854, three decades after the first scientific descriptions of dinosaur remains, a menagerie of lifelike dinosaur sculptures was unveiled in London's Crystal Palace Park. The lungs of theropod dinosaurs (carnivores that walked on two legs and had bird-like feet) likely pumped air into hollow sacs in their skeletons, as is the case in birds. Its anatomy indicated that it was an active predator that was likely warm-blooded, in marked contrast to the then-prevailing image of dinosaurs. Dinosaurs Never Existed! - The Greatest Deception In History.. Aegyptosaurus - Try and guess which country this dinosaur was found in. but the fact that "dragons" look exactly like a dinosaur there is actually an ancient site I . [258] Since the 1990s, a number of additional feathered dinosaurs have been found, providing even stronger evidence of the close relationship between dinosaurs and modern birds. Carl Everett - Wikipedia [147] The longest dinosaur known from good fossil material is Patagotitan: the skeleton mount in the American Museum of Natural History in New York is 37 meters (121ft) long. In other words, the existence of dinosaurs wased initially speculatively assumed by a knighted museum-head "together" in the mid-19th century, during the heyday of evolutionism . [230] This material, as well as the output of the intestines, emerges from the cloaca. [179] Vocalization in non-avian dinosaurs is less certain. CT scanning of Aerosteon's fossil bones revealed evidence for the existence of air sacs within the animal's body cavity. While modern birds have only one functional oviduct and lay one egg at a time, more primitive birds and dinosaurs had two oviducts, like crocodiles. Its remains were discovered in Tanzania between 1907 and 1912. September 2022. Evidence for true, vaned feathers similar to the flight feathers of modern birds has been found only in the theropod subgroup Maniraptora, which includes oviraptorosaurs, troodontids, dromaeosaurids, and birds. Finally, in Europe, dromaeosaurids, rhabdodontid iguanodontians, nodosaurid ankylosaurians, and titanosaurian sauropods were prevalent. [88][89] More concrete evidence of internal anatomy has been reported in Scipionyx from the Pietraroja Plattenkalk of Italy. According to Bob Strauss, a reporter and author that has three books about science and dinosaurs on Thought.Co said a common reason people believe that dinosaurs never existed is because of religion. [138] The mode of Mesozoic dinosaur body masses is between 1 to 10 metric tons (1.1 to 11.0 short tons). [141][227], Like other reptiles, dinosaurs are primarily uricotelic, that is, their kidneys extract nitrogenous wastes from their bloodstream and excrete it as uric acid instead of urea or ammonia via the ureters into the intestine. Potato-of-All-Trades 2 yr. ago B r u h Ray-Misuto 2 yr. ago Did Dinosaurs Actually Exist? | Answers in Genesis [185][186], All dinosaurs laid amniotic eggs. the Earth is flat, gods exist, dinosaurs are actually dragons and Santa is Off Topic Discussion Life, The Universe, and Politics Discussion Proof that dinosaurs never existed! [266], Some dinosaurs are known to have used gizzard stones like modern birds. Unlike birds, the ornithischian pubis also usually had an additional forward-pointing process. [281] Since then, different approaches based on statistics and mathematical models have variously supported either a sudden extinction[270][277][282] or a gradual decline. Dinosaur denialism - RationalWiki In 1972, Bakker expanded on his arguments based on energy requirements and predator-prey ratios. First, at about 215million years ago, a variety of basal archosauromorphs, including the protorosaurs, became extinct. This definition includes major groups such as ankylosaurians (armored herbivorous quadrupeds), stegosaurians (plated herbivorous quadrupeds), ceratopsians (bipedal or quadrupedal herbivores with neck frills), pachycephalosaurians (bipedal herbivores with thick skulls), ornithopods (bipedal or quadrupedal herbivores including "duck-bills"), theropods (mostly bipedal carnivores and birds), and sauropodomorphs (mostly large herbivorous quadrupeds with long necks and tails). Proof that dinosaurs never existed! - RC Groups Aggiosaurus - a metriorhynchid crocodilian. They first appeared during the Triassic period, between 245 and 233.23million years ago (mya), although the exact origin and timing of the evolution of dinosaurs is a subject of active research. [77][78] Chiefly among these were the rocks that produced the Jehol (Early Cretaceous) and Yanliao (Mid-to-Late Jurassic) biotas of northeastern China, from which hundreds of dinosaur specimens bearing impressions of feather-like structures (both closely related to birds and otherwise, see Origin of birds) have been described by Xing Xu and colleagues. Some other diapsid groups, including crocodilians, dyrosaurs, sebecosuchians, turtles, lizards, snakes, sphenodontians, and choristoderans, also survived the event. Dinosaurs are another recreation of history to promote the big bang evolution teaching. He states they were unlikely to have been capable of vocalizing since their closest relatives, crocodilians and birds, use different means to vocalize, the larynx and syrinx respectively, indicating their common ancestor was mute. Anatomically, these two groups can be distinguished most noticeably by their pelvic structure. Humans have an excellent track record of absolutely destroying big and impressive megafauna if given half a chance. Birds, at over 10,700 living species, are among the most diverse groups of vertebrates. Rebuilding a complete skeleton by comparing the size and morphology of bones to those of similar, better-known species is an inexact art, and reconstructing the muscles and other organs of the living animal is, at best, a process of educated guesswork. Trackways of hundreds or even thousands of herbivores indicate that duck-billed (hadrosaurids) may have moved in great herds, like the American bison or the African springbok. The React team investigates as conspiracists take to social media to dispel dinosaurs' existence Though the first dinosaurs appeared about 243 million years ago, they remain as prominent as ever today. Thanks to museums, books, and pop culture, dinosaurs remain larger-than-life. "THE DINOSAURS NEVER EXISTED" - YouTube [14][248] Feather-like structures known as pycnofibres have also been found in pterosaurs. Why do some people think dinosaurs don't exist? | Fandom Birds are thus considered to be dinosaurs and dinosaurs are, therefore, not extinct. [123], There were three general dinosaur faunas in the Late Cretaceous. [10], A variety of other skeletal features are shared by dinosaurs. [321] If the bone was not re-deposited by weathering action, it would provide evidence that some dinosaur populations survived at least half a million years into the Cenozoic. [308] However, due to large error margins in the dating of the eruptions, the role of the Deccan Traps in the K-Pg extinction remains unclear. These stones are swallowed by animals to aid digestion and break down food and hard fibers once they enter the stomach. [142], Scientists will probably never be certain of the largest and smallest dinosaurs to have ever existed. One example is a site in Inner Mongolia that has yielded remains of over 20 Sinornithomimus, from one to seven years old. As a consequence, more sauropodomorphs were named between 1990 and 2020 than in all previous years combined. As clarified by British geologist and historian Hugh Torrens, Owen had given a presentation about fossil reptiles to the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1841, but reports of the time show that Owen did not mention the word "dinosaur", nor recognize dinosaurs as a distinct group of reptiles in his address. Originally, Troodon formosus was named after one single isolated tooth, but for a long time this has no longer been a valid way to named dinosaurs and from the beginning there have been lot of problems over this genus. [245] Research into the genetics of American alligators has revealed that crocodylian scutes do possess feather-keratins during embryonic development, but these keratins are not expressed by the animals before hatching. [204] Evidence from crocodiles and their extinct relatives suggests that such elevated metabolisms could have developed in the earliest archosaurs, which were the common ancestors of dinosaurs and crocodiles. Bones from several similar-sized individuals were incorporated into the skeleton now mounted and on display at the Museum fr Naturkunde in Berlin;[144] this mount is 12 meters (39ft) tall and 21.8 to 22.5 meters (72 to 74ft) long,[145][146] and would have belonged to an animal that weighed between 30000 and 60000kilograms (70000 and 130000lb). He, therefore, concluded it to be the femur of a huge human, perhaps a Titan or another type of giant featured in legends. [319] Meanwhile, detractors point out the sudden nature of the extinction and that other pulses in Deccan Traps activity of comparable magnitude did not appear to have caused extinctions. One person tells everyone that dinosaurs are too big to exist (Blue Whale is about 98 ft. [120], Dinosaur evolution after the Triassic followed changes in vegetation and the location of continents. But as it turns out, it never really existed. [327], By human standards, dinosaurs were creatures of fantastic appearance and often enormous size. Dinosaur fossils with scaly skin impressions have been found since the 19th century. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. Dinosaurs: Science or Science Fiction? Dinosaurs Never Existed - YouTube "What was once formally considered unique to birds was present in some form in the ancestors of birds", O'Connor said. The renaissance was also accompanied by the increasingly widespread application of cladistics, a more objective method of classification based on ancestry and shared traits, which has proved tremendously useful in the study of dinosaur systematics and evolution. [238] However, as later discoveries showed, clavicles (or a single fused wishbone, which derived from separate clavicles) were not actually absent;[14] they had been found as early as 1924 in Oviraptor, but misidentified as an interclavicle. Proof that dinosaurs never existed! [323] However, these supposed Paleocene dinosaurs are considered by many other researchers to be reworked, that is, washed out of their original locations and then re-buried in younger sediments.
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