The 90th Infantry Division - "Tough 'Ombres" Back to all Infantry Divisions. S.l. Pennsylvania in the World War an illustrated history of the Twenty- Eighth Division. The Autobiography of a Regiment: a history of the 304th Field Artillery in the World War. Perhaps the most unusual aspect of the battlewhich was, after all, a minor skirmish in the course of the struggle for the bocagetook place after the American surrender that day. A Short History and Illustrated Roster of the 112th Infantry Army of the United States. The main body of the Division sailed from Bristol Channel for the coast of France. A short and photographic record of the 360th Infantry, Texas Brigade. 2 Pittsburgh, Pa.: States Publications Society, 1921. On the same day, the U.S. 5th Infantry Division forced a crossing of the Moselle at Dornot, but found German opposition intense and carved out a shallow bridgehead . New York,New York: The 77th Division Association, 1919. An American newsman reported that at one point Chaplain Hamilton was hailed by a German paratrooper who was manning a machine-gun post. With the 114th Machine Gun Battalion, 1917-1919. 7 june (D+1) : But he probably underestimated the cumulative impact that his paratroopersassisted by armored support, strategically positioned machine guns and misdirected American artillery firehad had on the understrength and weary American infantrymen. ( typescript, 1919), Frederick A. Pottle. By July 22, elements of the German regiments 2nd and 3rd battalions were entrenched in defensive positions opposite the 90th Infantry Division on the Cotentin Peninsula. New York,New York: Wynkoop Hallenbeck Crawford,1920. A History of the 800th Aero Repair Squadron(Formerly the 106th Aero Squadron) Organized August 26th, 1917. A History 1917-1919.Boston and New York:Houghton and Mifflin Company: The Riverside Press, 1920, Gilbert H. Crawford. New York: Boni and Liveright, 1919. : s.n., 1920, Alan B Ellis. Tous droits rservs. 18 june (D+12) 20, 1918 to May 25, 1919. All units remained at anchorage until late in the evening when Group A, joined convoy and initiated the Channel crossing. The History of the 50th Aero Squadron Leland M. Carver, et. Assistant Division Commanders: Brig. George Wythe. 5. NOTE:To view all As Uhligs men advanced along a sunken road between two hedgerows, they were hit by artillery fire that wounded a noncommissioned officer and three privates. But the story of Seves Island does not end when the Americans started putting their hands up. The 1st and 2nd battalion troops now formed a horseshoe-shaped line some 200 yards deep and 1,000 yards wide on the islands high ground. Shortly after 0700 on July 23, the German paratroopersnow numbering about 50left their trenches. The 90th Infantry Division was recognized as a liberating unit by the US Army's Center of Military History and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 1985. The Ninetieth Aero Squadron. Activated 25 Mar 1942 Entered Combat 9 Jun 1944 Normandy Days of Combat 308 Casualties 19,200, Maj. Gen. Henry Terrell, Jr. Mar 42 Brig. Oklahoma City:Harlow Publishing Co., 1919, Regimental History. 1915-1921 Memorials of Those Who Died in the Great War, The American Red Cross. 40 Prisoners including 1 Regimental Commander and 2 LTs were taken. Lone Sentry: Tough Ombres!: The Story of the 90th Infantry Division Our impressions primarily focus on the Infantry Rifle Company and Heavy Weapons Company. 90th Infantry Division - U.S. Army Center of Military History The regiment was organized in 1918 during World War I with the 20th Division, but the war ended before it could be deployed overseas; it was demobilized in spring 1919.. During World War II, the 90th Infantry was again activated with the 10th Light . The division was en route to Prague when they came upon the remaining 1500 emaciated prisoners left behind by the SS at Flossenbrg concentration camp. WW_REG_HIS Each of the links below open in a new window, A HISTORY OF THE 90th DIVISION IN WORLD WAR II, by Lt. Joe Abrams, 1946, 90th Division Association vol. The activities of the 90th remained unchanged The various Regiments continued defending their respective sectors. It then planned to reorganize and attack in the general direction of Gourbesville. In the end, according to General Bradley, the 90th Infantry Division became one of the most outstanding in the European Theater.. The Americans still had artillery backup available, but effective adjustment was difficult because of the terrain and the proximity of the Germans to the 1st Battalion troops. For information regarding official military unit histories, contact: U.S. Army Center of Military History103 3rd AvenueFort Lesley J. McNair, DC 20319-5058Telephone:(202) 685-4042, U.S. Air Force Historical Research Agency 600 Chenault Circle Maxwell AFB, AL 36112-6424 Telephone: (334) 953-2395, U.S. Eugene W. Connor, Ida. He figured that his opponents had had no idea how small his attacking force was. U.S. General Hospital No.36. 21 june (D+15) According to subsequent American battle reports, the Germans made three attacks that morning. Outside of the 6th Fallschirmjger Regiment, however, few Germans heard anything about von der Heydtes agreement to a compassionate truce. Much to Uhligs dismay, he saw that he was facing more than 300 Americans. The 90th Infantry Division ("Tough 'Ombres"[1]) was a unit of the United States Army that served in World War I and World War II. On. The Susan B. Anthony, which carried the Divisions advance detachment and CT 9 (- Group A), Struck a mine off Utah Beach at mid-morning and sank in approximately two hours. Meanwhile, on the evening of the 22nd, Uhlig had reassessed the situation to his front. Although the members of Company 16 were lightly armed and should have been able to move quickly, their progress was slow. It was planned to move one Bn by motor immediately upon their relief. The 90th and other army divisions found some 6,000 of these prisoners alive. Initially the attack was successful. The German troops later claimed that most of the rounds went over their heads. CT 9 remained attached to the 4th Infantry Division. Co., 1923, Reese T. Amis History of the 114th Field Artillery, W. P. MacLean. The 90th Division Association, 1920, Lonnie J. He and the chaplains conferred with the help of a German-speaking American, and according to one German account, they decided to inform von der Heydte of what was taking place. After liberating Flossenbrg, the 90th discovered more evidence of Nazi atrocities as they advanced farther. the guys that wars can't be won without" B and C companies were the farthest forward of the 1st Battalions companies. Uhligs men waited for the signal to advance. of our updates for the last couple months, please check our complete UPDATE PAGE. 90th Infantry Division Association always making updates! Major Operations: St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne. At 2240 elements of the Battalion had again entered the town, and by 2330, Gourbesville had passed completely into the possession of the 3rd Bn of the 357th Infantry. Corps order gave the Division the mission of attacking to the West on 10 June to seize the high ground East of the Douve River in the vicinity of St Sauveur le Vicomte to deepen the Corps bridgehead. Ordered into active military service: 25 March 1942 at Camp Barkley, Texas. Visibility had improved by midday, and American aircraft now controlled the skies, relentlessly attacking the Germans. Arthur McKeogh.The Victorious 77th Division in the Argonne Fight (New York's Own)in the Argonne Fight. Twentieth Engineers, France, 1917-1918-1919. Cambridge OH Check back soon and check back often as we are The 357th Infantry upon being relieved by the 79th Infantry Division reverted to Division Reserve. John Uberto Calkins History of the 347th Machine Gun Battalion Oakland, Calif.: Press of Horwinski Company, A Co. From Vauquois Hill to Exermont. The 90th Division through its battles and conquests will go down in the annals of history as one of the finest and bravest Division of World War II. The Shamrock Battalion of the Rainbow: A story of the "fighting sixth-ninth" New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1919, Robert Stewart Sutliffe, comp. The 358th Infantry Regiment was stationed at Cam Llangattock, Wales; the RCT9(-) and the 90th Rcn Troop at Camp Court-Y-Gollen, Wales; the RCT 7, 344th FA Battalion, Co B, 315th Medical Battalion and Co B 315th Engineer Battalion at Camp Chepetow, Wales; and Division Headquarters, Division Artillery Headquarters, 345th FA Battalion, Special Troops at Heath Camp, Cardiff, Wales; and 315th Engineer and 315th Medical Battalions (each less 3 Cos) also at Heath Camp. This page has been viewed 47,163 times (319 via redirect). The 90th Infantry Division was selected to land on Utah Beach on D-Day, June 6, 1944, in Normandy, France and was an elite group to liberate a continent from Nazi tyranny. General Order 66, 90th Infantry Division, September 17, 1944 - Silver and Bronze Star awards to 773rd personnel. We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. We will, of course. 3 june (D-3) : The 90th returned to Germany and captured the city of Mainz on March 22, 1945. Fighting slowed down at 2300. On 12 August, the division drove across the Sarthe River, north and east of Le Mans, and took part in the closing of the Falaise Gap, by reaching 1st Polish Armored Division in Chambois, 19 August. Gen. Raymond E. Bell, Jr. and originally appeared in the February 2000 issue of World War II magazine. 63rd NY Infantry Regiment: 125th NY Infantry Regiment: 3rd NY Infantry Regiment: 64th NY Infantry Regiment: 126th NY Infantry Regiment: 4th NY Infantry Regiment: 65th NY Infantry Regiment: 127th NY Infantry Regiment: 5th NY Infantry Regiment: 66th NY Infantry Regiment: 128th NY Infantry Regiment: 5th NY Veteran Infantry: 67th NY Infantry . Charles B. Hoyt. vol. Pennsylvania in the World War an illustrated history of the Twenty- Eighth Division. 90th Infantry Division | World War II | US Army 10th, 18th, 76th Artillery (Art.) George H English History of the 89th Division, U.S.A.: from its organization in 1917, through its operations in the World War, the occupation of Germany and unit demobilization in 1919. ABMC Headquarters 2300 Clarendon Blvd, Suite 500 Arlington, VA 22201 Phone: 703-584-1501 10 june (D+4) : St. Pere, Argonne, Meuse, Rhine. 27 june (D+21) St. Louis:Guard Publishing Co., 1919. Armed only with small white flags with red crosses on them, they defied strafing aircraft and fire from both sides as they made their way out into the marsh grass, searching for soldiers who could still be helped. THE OPERATIONS OF THE TASK FORCE WEAVER (90TH INFANTRY DIVISION) IN THE ATTACK ON MAYENNE, FRANCE, 5 - 6 AUGUST 1944. WW The Divisions units continued to occupy their defensive sectors. The division faced southwest. Two other men left the group to escort the wounded to an aid station. Astoria. German mines were issued to all units for training purposes. Frankfurt/Main,Germany:s.l. : Association of the 110th Infantry, 1920; 639th Aero Squadron Book. The remainder of the Division, less residual elements, went aboard transports as follows: One-half Division Headquarters and CT 8 (less 3rd BN) on the Excelsior at Newport. He was an U.S. Army veteran of the Korean Conflict, serving with the 109th Field Artillery 28th Division from 1948 to 1952, attaining the rank of sergeant first class. The 2nd Bn of the 359th Infantry occupied a defensive sector to the left of that of the 358th Infantry. Cleveland,Ohio: the Press of Ward and Shaw Co., 1921, T.Q. The division lost nearly 1,400 men in its ill-fated attack south of Carentan, toward Periers. Kansas City,Mo. Manhattan,Kansas.Sunflower University Press, 1996, The Story of the 91st Division.San Mateo, Calif.:91st Division Publication Committee, 1919, 17th Cavalry 6.30.1916-9.26.1921 Administrative History Note. One of its troopships was sunk in the English Channel, and a battalion of Infantrymen, with a company of engineers, swam and waded ashore without weapons to enter the fight for the beachhead. 1 Pittsburgh, Pa.: States Publications Society, 1921. The division insignia consists of a monogrammatic red "T" and "O" on a square olive drab background. The Division continued its efforts to seize its assigned defensive line throughout the day, and by the latter part of the afternoon, units of the Division occupied the desired defensive position, thus affording the necessary protection for the VII Corps from Terre de Beauval to the railroad station at 288024. 318th Regiment | Lineage and Honors | U.S. Army Center of Military In the darkness, some of the inexperienced troops began drifting to the rear. "I love the infantry because they are the underdogs. D-Day and Battle of Normandy media library: archives photos and videos, Souvenir shop featuring t-shirts, caps, mugs, models or posters inspired by D-Day and the Battle of Normandy, D-Day Overlord - Marc Laurenceau 2003-2023. The 357th Infantry continued its attack on Gourbesville, while the 359th Infantry was ordered to assume the attack on Orglandes to the Northwest. Thomas F. Meehan. Uhligs men crept and crawled steadily forward, using mounds of earth and hedges for cover. Elements of the 3rd Bn of the 357th Infantry fought their way into Gourbesviille at 2020 and held their control of the town until the next morning. Colorado Springs:Out West,1919, The 302nd Field Artillery. Since July 3, 1863, there have been many calls for Confederate flags to be returned to their home states, and in particular, for the 28th Virginia Infantry Regiment flag return to Virginia. In this action the Division suffered 5000 killed, wounded, or captured, one of the highest casualty rates suffered in WWII. home of the 90th Infantry Division Preservation Group. Corps order assigned a new mission to the 90th Division. What happened next might be interpreted as an indication of how the aristocratic von der Heydte believed vanquished enemies should be treated. with the Three Hundred and Seventh Infantry. Elements of the 90th Infantry assaulted and captured the German-held Fort de Koenigsmacker 912 November. ROSTER ROSTER OFFICERS Lt Col James F. Sinclair, Pa. Lt Col Elmer V. Grubbs, S.C. Major Nick B. Gola, Ohio Capt. 10 Personal Letters from the front. B. Lyon Company, 1912. Soon a group of American soldiers started toward Uhligs men with their hands up in the air. The 88th division in the World War of 1914-1918. They show us things as they were, and as they actually happened with no dressing and special poses. 1 August 1944: XV Corps, Third Army, 12th Army Group. Courtesy of Tom Michaels. Accordingly, the 357th Infantry was given the task of seizing and holding the line from Gourbesville to Beauval, while to the 359th went the task of holding that part of the line which ran from Raven (225012) to Haut David (208012). The Bavarian-born Major von der Heydte had already fought in France, Crete, Russia, North Africa and Italy before he trained and led the 6th Fallschirmjger into battle in Normandy. Gen. Raymond S. McLain Aug 44Maj. Group A initiated embarkation at Dartmouth, England. CT 9 (- Group A) and the Division advance detachment went aboard the personnel ship, the Susan B. Anthony, and moved into the Bristol Channel at 1800. 20 june (D+14) The 302nd Engineers, a history.New York? Van Fleet Oct 44Maj. To Uhligs consternation, however, the tank commanders rejected that idea because the terrain provided too little protection against any American anti-tank screen. After the war, former paratroopers Karl Bader and Othmar Karrad told stories of how German aid men and paratroopers had supported the chaplains and litter-bearers efforts near the Seves. A Book Published for the Personnel of Base Hospital No.5. As the fighting drew to a close that evening, the Americans knew that they were in a precarious position. It then raced across France, through Verdun, 6 September, to participate in the siege of Metz, 14 September - 19 November, capturing Maizieres les Metz, 30 October, and crossing the Moselle at Koenigsmacker, 9 November. Red Cross Base Hospitals.Washington,D.C. After the landings the Tough Ombres, previously untried in battle, fought for 53 straight days. The most comprehensive and authoritative history site on the Internet. Its lineage is carried on by the 90th Sustainment Brigade . Camouflaged enemy paratroopers took advantage of the low visibility in the area to raise havoc with the Americans, and one unit of the 90th suf-fered so heavily that it was compelled to organize a company "J from an old lot of cooks, clerks, and mechanics. The capture of St. Germain-sur-Seves would put the division in a position to push forward to the key crossroads town of Periers, then advance to the highway linking Periers with the important city of Coutances, located near St. Mal, at the base of the peninsula. 359th Infantry Regiment, 90th Infantry Division | American Battle collection of dedicated reenactors located in Ohio and Pennsylvania who 26th Division. The Thirty-Seventh Division in the World War,1917-1918. Overseas: June 1918. The main attack was preceded by the attempt on the part of a task force consisting of an Engineer Company to capture the town. John F. O'Ryan. Guska, Chris - CO 90th IDPG Columbus OH Member since 10 Nov 2001 S/Sgt. 08/22/2006. Group A moved to an assembly area in the vicinity of Reuville (380968). Member since 17 May 2014 The 90th Infantry Division served for 308 days in Combat in the European African Middle Eastern Theater; during this time they served in the campaigns of NORMANDY, NORTHERN FRANCE, RHINELAND, ARDENNES-ALSACE, and CENTRAL EUROPE. These letters later yielded the nickname "Tough Ombres," symbolizing the esprit de corps of the unit. The main body of the Division arrived off Utah Beach at mid-morning and began debarkation from all three transports simultaneously at 1200. Casualties: Total-7,549 (KIA-1,091; WIA-6,458). Some elements of the 90th saw action on 6 June 1944, D-Day, Utah Beach, Normandy, France.The rest of the Division entered combat 10 June. It includes all units except for platoons and detachments that were a part of larger organizations and is based on the following War Department and Department of the Army General Orders: WD GO 70, 1945; WD GO 75, 1945; WD GO 116, 1946; DA GO 23, 1947; DA GO 72, 1948; DA GO 6 . History is a guide to navigation in perilous times. At about 1500, von der Heydte received a report that several Americans were trying to help the wounded men lying in the swampy grasslands between the island and the Seves. History of Battery C, 148th Field Artillery,American Expeditionary Forces. :s.n., 1922, Gerald F. Jacobson. Shoulder/Sleeve Insignia: Cpl - Asst Squad Leader, Lammert, Dave Copyright, 2023, Sons Of Liberty Museum, Inc.,All Rights Reserved, Technician Fifth Grade Walter A. Andrasik, Private First Class Edmund C. Szczepaniak, Technician Fifth Grade Sigmund J. Wisniewski. The swamp to its immediate front caused the 358th to experience great difficulty in its advance. In July 1944 it had become even more isolated than usual from the surrounding territory because of heavy rains that had fallen during the previous month. German supporting fire also caused the GIs to keep their heads down. The 90th Infantry Division - "Tough 'Ombres" - World War Two History of Ambulance Company No.105 (former Fourth Ambualncne Co.) 102nd Sanitary Train, 27th division,U.S.A. New York: John P. Smith Print, 1919, 11th Engineer Regiment. The 359th Infantry was ordered to continue its offensive in the vicinity of Picauville. A company of the 2nd Battalion had managed to advance about 150 yards beyond the Seves and thus was located to the rear of the 1st Battalion. Richmond,Virginia: William Byrd Press, 1919, History of the Three Hundred and Twenty-Eighth Regiment of Infantry(1920), Proctor M. Fiske History of the 350th Regiment of U.S. Infantry, Eighty-Eighth Division, American Expeditionary Forces. September 1917-March 1919. During the day, the 82nd Airborne Division, supported by the 345th FA Battalion of the 90th Infantry Division drove a bridgehead across the Merderet River at 308910. The Division was immediately thrust into the fighting; cut across the Merderet and took Pont l'Abbe. Frederick Phisterer. PFC, Wurth, Andrew The gunner pointed out to Hamilton that he had overlooked a wounded soldier. Portland,OR., James Kerns & Abbott Co., 1921, A Brief History of 7th Engineers.5th Division, History of the Eleventh Engineers, United States Army New York, 1926,1927, Alfred H. Davies. The unit's journal recorded that one of its motorized patrols entered the camp that day and found "a serious typhus epidemic" in "full swing." There are 81 soldiers of the 90th Infantry Division World War II still listed as missing in action. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Print Co., 1920. The jumpoff, July 3, was a line from Baupte, northeast past Pont Auny to the east edge of Pretot. After a three-hour truce, the fighting resumed. Daniel Parmlee Morse. Facts and Fancies of 363d Field Hospital Co. 316th Sanitary Train. Effective patrolling was conducted by the 359th Infantry covering a three mile sector. St. Louis, Mo. Colonel C. H. Conrad,commanding. Vol. 25 August 1944: XV Corps, Third Army, 12th Army Group. History of the Third Division, United States Army in the World War for the Period December 1, 1917 to January 1, 1919. The 90th had landed at Utah Beach right behind the initial assault . 15 june (D+9) For the Americans, this problematic piece of real estate would become known as Seves Island. One such action in July 1944 pitted GIs of the U.S. 90th Infantry Division, known as the Tough Hombres, against counterattacking Germans of the 6th Fallschirmjger (Paratroop) Regiment under Major Friedrich August Freiherr von der Heydte. New York, 1920, Joseph Glass, et. On Active Service with Base Hospital No.46 U.S.A. Mar. We have no pictures of D-Day. In 1964 an Ohio woman took up the challenge that had led to Amelia Earharts disappearance. A History of the 313th Field Artillery, U.S.A. New York,New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1920, Carl A Shem. 5. 90th Infantry Division Association Back to the 90th Infantry Division After Action Report menu. Between June 6 and 10, 1944, the 6th Fallschirmjgers 1st Battalion was wiped out in heavy action. ABMC Headquarters 2300 Clarendon Blvd, Suite 500 Arlington, VA 22201 Phone: 703-584-1501 Ben H. Chastaine. Author Robert F. ONeill reconsiders three overlooked 1863 cavalry clashes. It drove across the Our, near Oberhausen, 29 January, to establish and expand a bridgehead. (1919), The History of Base Hospital No.50: a portrayal of the work done by this unit while serving in the United States and with the American Expeditionary Forces in France. As the American forward observers tried to adjust their artillery fire, bringing it back toward American lines, the 358ths soldiers huddled deeper in their foxholes. Three U.S. Army chaplains attached to the 358th InfantryCatholic Father Joseph J. Esser, Salvation Army Chaplain Edgar H. Stohler and Disciples of Christ Pastor James M. Hamiltonhad decided among themselves to go out into no-mans land to look for wounded troops. S.l. 90th Infantry Division Preservation Group - 90thidpg.us The Divisions units continued to hold their defensive sectors, and to await further orders from Corps. Insofar as photography is concerned, some photos could be better, but that doesn't really matter. The personnel accompanying the 9 MT ships went aboard their assigned craft. As it happened, the cloud cover on the morning of the 23rd was so low that Allied aircraft were unable to provide effective ground support for any operation. At nightfall, and under the cover of darkness, unit commanders regrouped their forces in preparation for the continuation of the attack on 13 June. Cover, Muzzle M308, M1936 Bag, Canvas, Field (Musette, British Made) - At The Front, M1941 Field Jacket (2015 OD#2) - At The Front, Photo courtesy of John "DoctorDirt" Dwyer. Lammert, Dave Columbus OH Member since 21 Aug 2010 Pfc . Bissell,1920), Martin Joseph Hogan. Washington, DC 20024-2126 Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company,1916, howard Hill. 359th Regiment Lineage. After our return to civilian life it will give us great satisfaction to look back at ourselves as were in combat, arid to see ourselves as the heroes of the 359th, one of the great regimental combat teams of the war. South of St. Germain-sur-Seves three German tanks prepared to link up with the attacking paratroopers. Harrisburg, Pa.: The Couier Press, 1919, Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships - Index. U.S. Army's 90th Infantry Division: The Tough Hombres - HistoryNet Landrum also asked for close-air support, and he directed his other infantry units in the area to bolster the attack with fire from their own weapons. Figuring that he would need more than 28 men to overcome the Americans, he went looking for reinforcements. A History of the Third-Fifth Division of the United States Army. By 2130, the two Battalions had mopped it up completely and had begun the move to occupy the high ground to the North and Northwest. PFC, Kerner, Josh Record of Service of 147th Field Artillery in France to 11th November 1918. The 357th advanced in its zones of action and encountered enemy resistance in the vicinity of the town of Amfreville. 26 june (D+20) 358th Infantry Regiment, 90th Infantry Division | American Battle Uhlig knew that the MG 42, which featured a very high rate of fire in the neighborhood of 1,300 rounds per minute, was feared and respected by American troops. History of the 145th Field Artillery Regiment of World War I. Provo, Utah: J. The Story of the Sixteenth Infantry in France. Pfc, Sedlak, Len The Americans did likewise, except for the artillery well to the rear. The divisional insignia incorporates the letters "T" and "O" to symbolize both states. The 358th had been taking heavy casualties ever since it had been committed to fighting in the bocage. Their position made it possible for them to wreak havoc on the withdrawing Americans. The 357th conducted mop-up operations in the town of Portbail. Thomas Fauntleroy. Ralph D. Cole. 5 june (D-1) : This Bn was attached to the 357th. The German sergeant had been able to optimize the impact of his small force because he understood how to combine his limited assets to the best advantage. 183. 6 December 1944, the Division pushed across the Saar and established a bridgehead north of Saarlautern, 618 December, but with the outbreak of the Von Rundstedt drive, withdrew to the west bank on 19 December, and went on the defensive until 5 January 1945, when it shifted to the scene of the Ardennes struggle.
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